How to Build a Fence

A fence defines your property, adds privacy, and increases curb appeal. The most critical step is setting posts correctly - everything else follows from that. This guide covers 6-foot cedar privacy fence, the most common DIY fence project.

Tools & Materials Checklist

• Post hole digger or power auger rental
• String line and wooden stakes
• 4-foot level
• Circular saw and drill/driver
• Stainless or hot-dipped galvanized screws
• Concrete mix
• Heavy-duty gate hinges and turnbuckle

Step 1: Plan and Calculate Materials

Use the Fence Calculator to get post count, panel count, and materials. Standard privacy fence: posts every 8 feet. Check local codes for height limits and setback requirements. Call 811 (US) for a free underground utility locate service before digging.

Step 2: Lay Out the Fence Line

Use stakes and string line to mark the fence path. Ensure the line is straight by measuring diagonals. Mark post locations every 8 feet. Double-check that posts near property lines are on your side. Gate locations should be planned now - gate posts need extra reinforcement.

Step 3: Dig Post Holes

Post holes must be below the frost line plus 6 inches for a gravel base. A 6-foot fence post needs to be set 2 feet deep minimum. Rent a power auger for $80-$120/day. Hole diameter should be 3x the post diameter.

Step 4: Set the Posts

Add 6 inches of gravel to each hole for drainage. Set the first and last posts first, check for plumb, and brace while concrete cures. Mix concrete in the hole or pour pre-mixed around the post. Level and plumb each post before the concrete sets. Let cure 24-48 hours before attaching panels.

Step 5: Install Fence Rails

Attach horizontal 2x4 rails between posts at the top, middle, and bottom of the fence. Pre-drill rail ends to prevent splitting. For 6-foot fence: 12 inches from the top, 12 inches from the bottom, and centered in between.

Step 6: Attach Fence Boards or Panels

For privacy fence: attach 1x6 cedar boards vertically. Leave 1/4 inch between boards for expansion - tight spacing causes boards to warp. Use stainless steel or hot-dipped galvanized screws - standard screws rust and stain the wood.

Step 7: Install Gates

Gates need 4x4 posts minimum, ideally 6x6 for heavy gates. Install heavy-duty gate hinges rated for the gate weight. Use a turnbuckle and diagonal brace wire from the top hinge corner to the bottom latch corner to counteract sagging.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Not calling 811 before digging — hitting a buried utility line is expensive and dangerous.
• Letting a post go out of plumb before the concrete sets, which is nearly impossible to fix afterward.
• Using standard steel screws instead of galvanized or stainless, which rust and streak the wood within a year.
• Under-reinforcing gate posts, the single most common cause of fence gates sagging.

Pro Tips

• Call 811 before digging.
• Use pressure-treated lumber for posts even if fence boards are cedar.
• Set corner and line posts first, then add intermediate posts aligned to the string line.
• Pre-stain or seal fence boards before installation.
• Space boards 1/4 inch apart for expansion.

Frequently Asked Questions

How deep should fence post holes be? As a rule of thumb, set posts at least 1/3 of their above-ground height into the ground, and always below your local frost line to prevent heaving.

Do I need a permit for a fence? Many municipalities require a permit for fences over a certain height (often 6 feet), and HOAs often have separate material and height rules — check both before you dig.

How long does concrete need to cure before hanging a gate? Let post concrete cure for at least 48–72 hours before hanging gates or attaching panels, since the added weight can shift posts that haven't fully set.